Features of Scientific Management
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT is one of the names adopted for a certain body of principles and methods of management which have been propounded as applicable to industrial undertakings, other names being Efficiency Engineering and Industrial Management. Developed in the United States, mainly since about 1905, and particularly in connexion with engineering work, the methods of Scientific Management have exercised a profound influence on methods of factory management in England and on the continent of Europe, as well as in America. Though applicable to most of the problems of industrial administration, they have in fact been worked out mainly in connexion with the control of workshop processes.
The theory underlying Scientific Management is briefly that there is one best way ” of doing every act that has to be performed in a workshop, and that it is the duty of the management to discover that ” one best way ” and to make such arrangements as will ensure that it is always carried out. The method of procedure may be indicated by propounding the following three questions: I. What are the factors which limit the speed of a particular workshop process or machine? 2.Why is it that the volume of output from a particular process is always less at the end of the week than the product of the speed of the process or of the machine, multiplied by the working hours in the week, would lead one to expect? 3. Why do some workers produce so much more than others working under the same conditions?
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